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The Live and Paintings of Leonardo Da Vinci.
History of Renaissance and Timeline

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Chronology of Leonardo DaVinci's Live and Times

This is the story of one of the greatest minds in history. An artist, scientist, engineer, visionary and all-round genius, Leonardo Da Vinci (1452--1519) was arguably the main figure of the Renaissance.



Leonardo was born probably in this farmhouse in Anchiano, which is 3 km away from Vinci. The family of Leonardo lived in this area since the 13th century..The father of Leonardo da Vinci, Ser Piero, was a 25 years old public notary when Leonardo was born.
In the same year when Leonardo was born Ser Piero married his first wife. He didn't marry the mother of Leonardo, because probably she was a daughter of a farmer. The mother of Leonardo was called Catarina. Her first name is all what we know today...


15 Apr 1452 Leonardo born, illegitimate to Ser Piero da Vinci, in Vinci Italy.
1472 Member of the Painter's Guild, Florence.
1482 Moves to Milan to escape talk of buggery.
1495 Begins work on "The Last Supper"
1499 Finishes "The Last Supper". Because of his experimental technique in painting materials, the epic piece begins to disintegrate immediately.
1502 Meets Cesare Borgia, who becomes his patron, and Niccol Machiavelli, who becomes a lifelong friend.
1504 Returns to Florence, starts working on "Mona Lisa"
1513 Moves to Rome.
1519 Leonardo dies. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise.




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Chronology of Leonardo DaVinci's Live and Times

1447 Pope Nicholas V starts to turn Rome into a Renaissance city by supporting the arts.

1450 Ser Piero di Antonio da Vinci, Leonardo's father, is recorded as a notary in Pistoia. Francesco Sforza conquers Milan, turning it back into a monarchy after a failed experiment with a republican government.

1451 Ludovico (II Moro) Sforza - future duke of Milan, successor to Francesco Sforza, and Leonardo's future patron - is born. So is Christopher Columbus. Leonardo Life and Work The following timeline provides key information about Leonardo's life and the context in which he worked, offering information about key family watersheds, the Italian Wars, Leo's patrons and popes, and the general flowering of Italian art and literature.

leonardo da vinci was born in Anchiano near town of VinciApril 15, 1452 Leonardo (Lionardo) da Vinci is born at Anchiano near the town of Vinci (or, in Vinci) in Tuscany, Italy, as the illegitimate son of a successful notary, Ser Piero di Antonio da Vinci, and a woman, probably a peasant, named Caterina. Shortly after, Ser Piero marries the 16-year-old Albiera di Giovanni Amadori.

1453 Constantinople, the heart of the Byzantine (eastern Roman) Empire, falls to the Ottoman Turks. Greek artists and writers flock to the Italian city-states. The Hundred Years' War between England and France ends.

1454 Johann Gutenberg, credited with inventing the printing press in Germany, prints the Gutenberg Bible

1457 According to a tax return declared by Leonardo's grandfather, who's living on the Piazzetta (now the Via Roma) in Vinci, Leonardo now resides with his father in their household in Florence. Caterina, Leonardo's birth mother, marries Accattabriga di Piero del Vacca, a lime burner.

1463 Venice begins a 16-year war with the Turks; Venice is eventually defeated.

1464 Albiera, Ser Piero's first wife, dies in childbirth.

1466 The sculptor Donatello dies. The Arno River floods Florence and surrounding areas.

1468 Leonardo's grandfather dies at the age of 96.

1469 Ser Piero da Vinci rents a house in Florence. Leonardo is registered in Vinci on his grandmother's tax declaration. Around this year, or shortly before, Leonardo starts his apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio.

Lorenzo de' Medici (II Magnifico) and his younger brother Giuliano rise to power in Florence after their grandfather Cosimo's death in 1464 and Piero de' Medici's short rule. Lorenzo rules until 1491, turning Florence into the quintessential Renaissance city. Niccolo Machiavelli, author of The Prince, is born.

1470 Leonardo is registered on the tax declaration of his father, who now resides and works in Florence.

1471 The corrupt Sixtus IV becomes the pope.

Leonardo da vinci assists with Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ 1472 Leonardo enters the Company of Painters (the Compagnia di San Luca), indicating the end of his official apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio. He assists with Verrocchio's Baptism of Christ and begins the Annunciation. Verrocchio is hired to install the ball on the dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence). The humanist Leon Battista Alberti, one of the Renaissance's major philosophers, musicians, architects, painters, and sculptors, dies. The first edition of Dante's Divine Comedy is published.

1473 Leonardo paints his earliest dated work, the Landscape Drawing of the Arno Valley
The astronomer Nicolaus Copernicusis born.

1474 Leonardo paints the small Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci around this time

1475 Ser Piero marries Margherita di Francesco. The famed painter and sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti is born; the painter Paolo Uccello dies.

1476 Ser Piero's first legitimate child, Antonio, is born. An anonymous charge is made against the 17-year-old Jacopo Saltarelli, a painter's assistant, for sodomy. Leonardo is named as one of his lovers. After a repeated accusation, all charges are dismissed. Verrocchio completes his statue of David. Verrocchio works on the Forteguerri monument in Pistoia.

1478 The bubonic plague (also known as the Black Death) breaks out, and the Arno River floods Florence. Leonardo, probably with his father's influence, receives his first important commission: a medium-sized altar painting for the Bernhard Chapel in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence's seat of government. Leonardo never completes the work.< Sandro Botticelli, one of Andrea del Verrocchio's pupils, paints La Primavera for Lorenzo de' Medici.

1479 Leonardo draws the execution of Bernardo di Bandino Baroncelli, who participated in the 1478 Pazzi conspiracy (supported by Florence's Pazzi family and Pope Sixtus IV) to end Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici's rule in the Florentine state. (Giuliano was stabbed to death in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore; Lorenzo escaped unscathed.)

1480 Leonardo paints Madonna Benois, Madonna with the Carnation, and St. Jerome around this time Lorenzo de' Medici allies himself with Naples and makes peace with the pope. Ludovico Sforza assumes power in Milan.

Adoration of the Magi1481 In March, probably with his father's help, Leonardo receives a commission from a monastery of San Donato a Scopeto, just outside Florence. Despite the importance of this commission, Leonardo doesn't complete the painting, the Adoration of the Magi, on time. The painters Sandro Botticelli, Piero di Cosimo, Pietro Perugino, Luca Signorelli, Antonio Pollaiuolo, and Domenico Ghirlandaio leave for Rome at the pope's request, to paint frescoes for the Sistine Chapel walls .
Leonardo writes a letter to Ludovico Sforza, duke of Milan, offering his services as a military engineer, architect, and sculptor.

1482 Leonardo moves from Florence to Milan to work for Ludovico. He starts his Lady with an Ermine (Cecilia Gallerani) and Portrait of a Musician .

1483 Leonardo, together with Ambrogio and Evangelista de Predis, is commissioned to paint an altar painting, Virgin of the Rocks (Louvre)They complete a version of this painting around 1486.
The artist Raphael Sanzi is born in Urbino. Charles VIII is anointed king of France.


1484 Pope Innocent VIII is elected.

1485 The bubonic plague breaks out in Milan. Leonardo starts designing his ideal city for Milan.


Hieronymus Bosch paints the Garden of Earthly DelightsHieronymus Bosch paints the Garden of Earthly Delights. Bosch produced several triptychs. Among his most famous is the so-called The Garden of Earthly Delights. This painting, for which the original title has not survived, depicts paradise with Adam and Eve and many wondrous animals on the left panel, the earthly delights with numerous nude figures and tremendous fruit and birds on the middle panel, and hell with depictions of fantastic punishments of the various types of sinners on the right panel. When the exterior panels are closed the viewer can see, painted in grisaille, God creating the Earth.

The Birth of VenusSandro Botticelli paints the Birth of Venus for the Medicis. It depicts the goddess Venus, having emerged from the sea as a full grown woman, arriving at the sea-shore (Venus Anadyomene motif). The painting is held in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

 

The Venetian painter Titian is born. Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1473/1490 27 August 1576) better known as Titian as an Italian painter, the leader of 16th-century Venetian school of the Italian Renaissance. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Veneto), in the Republic of Venice.

1486 Girolamo Savonarola, a Dominican reformer, delivers his first sermons.
Humanist philosopher Pico della Mirandola, decried as a heretic by the Catholic Church, publishes his 900 treatises on all subjects, including the ability of humankind to make of itself what it will.

1487 Leonardo becomes a successful consultant architect in the Milan Cathedral competition. He designs plans for a stable, a domed church, various flying machines, and war machines. He also starts to study anatomy. The first Inquisition tribunal, based on the Spanish model, is launched in Sicily.

1488 Verrocchio dies.

La Belle Ferroniere1490 Commissioned by Ludovico Sforza, the court artist Leonardo starts the equestrian statue of Francesco Sforza in Milan. He designs court festivities, begins Madonna Litta and Portrait of an Unknown Woman (La Belle Ferroniere), works on the stage design for the pageant II Paradiso by Bernardo Bellincioni, and starts a treatise on hydraulic works.

1492 Leonardo visits Rome. Lorenzo de' Medici dies; political and economic power is consolidated in Florence.
Pope Alexander VI is elected, leading to a general moral decline of the papacy. Christopher Columbus, sailing for the Spanish Crown, "discovers" America.
Spain expels its Jews.

1493 Leonardo's clay model for the equestrian statue of Sforza is displayed in Milan. Spain and Portugal start to divide up the New World.

1494 The Italian Wars begin. Ludovico Sforza allows Charles VIII of France to invade Italy (and go through Milan) in an attempt to weaken his enemy, the King of Naples. Savonarola replaces Piero de' Medici in Florence and installs a puritanical regime. Pisa becomes independent. These events spell the end of the Italian 'city-states' independence. Luca Pacioli publishes Summa de arithmetica ... .

1495 Leonardo starts to paint The Last Supper in the refectory of the Dominican convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, in Milan

1496 Leonardo does the drawings for Luca Pacioli's De divina proportione (Divine Proportion) (1509). At the request of the pope, Emperor Maximilian enters Italy.

1498 Leonardo designs the interior of the Sala delle Asse in the Sforza Castle
in Milan. He also experiments with flying machines. Louis XII succeeds Charles VIII in France. Savonarola (the religious zealot who's running Florence) is excommunicated and burned at the stake.

Burlington House Cartoon1499 Leonardo begins Burlington House Cartoon for King Louis XII of France. The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist, sometimes called The Burlington House Cartoon, is a full-size cartoon by Leonardo da Vinci. Second Italian War; French troops defeat Ludovico Sforza and force him to flee. Cesare Borgia becomes the duke of Valentinois. The Turks threaten Venice.

1500 Leonardo stays with patron of the arts Isabella d'Este (who, at the death of her husband, ruled Mantua) and starts her portrait before moving on to Venice. He returns to Florence in April to begin his most productive period as a painter. He makes a cartoon of the Virgin and Child with St. Anne for the Servites at Santissima Annunziata in Florence and lives with the monks in their church. The French take Ludovico Sforza prisoner.

1501 Leonardo delves into the study of mathematics. He works on a small painting, Madonna with the Yarnwinder, commissioned by Florimond Robertet, secretary to the king of France. The French occupy Rome.

1502 The notorious Cesare Borgia employs Leonardo as military engineer and architect, and the two travel around central and northern Italy. Leonardo inspects fortresses, makes military maps for Borgia's campaigns, and be friends Niccolo Machiavelli. Here, he draws his Town Plan of Imola .

1503 Leonardo returns to Florence around March and starts a portrait of Francesco del Giocondo's wife, Lisa, which becomes the famous Mona Lisa . In the fall, he begins his greatest commission to date, The Battle of Anghiari, in the Grand Council Chamber of the Palazzo Vecchio (the seat of government) in Florence. Pope Julius II assumes the papal throne, rebuilds Rome (and St. Peter's Basilica), and initiates the Roman golden age. The Florentines, at war with Pisa, try to divert the Arno River - with a little help from Leonardo and Niccolo Machiavelli.

1504 Leonardo's father, Ser Piero, dies. Leonardo's uncle makes him his heir. During this year, Leonardo focuses on fortifications of Piombino and the study of hydraulics, geometry, and bird flight. Michelangelo draws his cartoon for the Battle of Cascina, for the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Acommittee of artists that includes Leonardo decides on the site for his David. Spain conquers Naples.

1505 Leonardo starts Leda and the Swan and continues to study flight and birds. Raphael Sanzi draws sketches based on Leonardo's Mona Lisa and Leda and the Swan.

1506 In May, Leonardo abandons work on The Battle of Anghiari and receives permission by the Florentine authorities to leave town for three months to return to Milan. There, he enters into the service of Charles d'Amboise, the French governor in Milan, at the invitation of French king Louis XII

1507 Leonardo returns to Florence to work on The Battle of Anghiari (he later reneges on his commitment) and work out inheritance issues with his siblings. He recovers the vineyard given to him by Ludovico Sforza. Louis XII appoints him painter and engineer. He also paints (or supervises the painting of a new version of Virgin of the Rocks and possibly begins The Virgin and Child with St. Anne. Leonardo also meets Francesco Melzi, his long-time friend and student. Leonardo works between Milan and Florence. He undertakes projects for the French governor of Milan, Charles d'Amboise. He submits his designs for the Trivulzio monument and carries out studies of hydraulic engineering, town planning, optics, and anatomy. He completes the second version of Virgin of the Rocks (London). Michelangelo starts to paint the Sistine Chapel frescoes. Pope Julius II forms the League of Cambrai against Venice, which includes Louis XII of France, Emperor Maximilian I, and Ferdinand of Aragon.

1509 Leonardo continues his studies of anatomy and hydraulics. Luca Pacioli and Leonardo publish De divina proportione in Venice. Europe launches the first African slave trade with the New World.

1510 Around this time, Leonardo draws maps and geological surveys of the Lombardy region. Sandro Botticelli dies.

1511 Giorgio Vasari (1511-74), the biographer of Leonardo and other Renaissance artists, is born. Charles d'Amboise dies. Swiss troops reach Milan; Pope Julius II forms the Holy League against the French, who leave Milan after the Battle of Ravenna. `

1512 The French are defeated; the Medicis return to power in Florence. Michelangelo completes the Sistine Chapel ceiling. Copernicus writes that Earth circles the Sun.


1513 Leonardo starts on St. John the Baptist. Pope Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici) succeeds Julius II and becomes a great patron of the arts.
With the death of his supporter, Charles d'Amboise, Leonardo leaves Milan to work for Giuliano de' Medici (pope Leo X's brother) in Rome. He lives in the Belvedere with Francesco Melzi and his young assistant, Giacomo Salai, experiments with mirrors, and finishes Sa/vator Mundi.

1514 In the papal court, Leonardo starts various scientific experiments, including reclamation of the Pontini marshes south of Rome. Louis XII dies. The French, under Fran~ois I, recapture Milan. Leonardo invents a mechanical lion for peace talks in Bologna between the French king and Pope Leo X. Niccolo Machiavelli publishes the politically influential book, The Prince.

1516 When Giuliano de' Medici dies in March, Leonardo again loses his patron. In the winter of 1516, he takes up an invitation from French king Fran~ois I to be a court painter in France. There, Leonardo works on scientific, architectural, and irrigation designs and projects, despite a stroke that paralyzes his right hand.

1517 Leonardo, Giacomo Salai, and Francesco Melzi move into the chateau of Cloux, near the royal Castle of Amboise. Leonardo works on his plans for a palace at Romorantin and draws his Deluge series. The Protestant Reformation begins with Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses in Germany, dividing the Roman Catholic Church.
1518 Leonardo organizes court festivities at Amboise.

1519 Leonardo draws up his last will and testament on April 23, 1519.
Leonardo dies on May 2 at Cloux. He was buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert in the castle of Amboise.

1520-30 Melzi inherits Leonardo's manuscripts and starts to organize them. The most important of these documents is Leonardo's Treatise on Painting. Salai inherits most of Leonardo's paintings. When Salai dies in 1525, his estate contains The Virgin and Child with St. Anne, St. John the Baptist, Leda and the Swan, the Mona Lisa, and St. Jerome.
When Melzi dies in 1570, Leonardo's papers, drawings, and paintings scatter far and wide to collectors all over Europe; many have no idea of the manuscripts' importance, and many are subsequently lost.

1522 Magellan's ship returns to Spain, after circumnavigating the globe.

1527 Rome is sacked by the troops of the Holy Roman Empire, symbolizing the beginning of the downfall of Renaissance Italy.

 


Credit:
http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/books/bySubjectLF00/ISBN0-7645-7837-5/?sID=qm0a588ca5ougof965hliftkt6

 

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